Hope you can also read English, since I can read French, but not write it
I think the problem is the account under which the job runs. The "visual
studio" and "exécuter le package" execute under the account with which the
system is logged on, eg most probably your own account.
The SQL Agent service has its own service account (localsystem?) which does
not have the same permissions as the logged-on account. Check if both
accounts are the same. If not, check the permissions on the services account.